Internal Echo Chamber: Schizophrenia Source Monitoring Errors, Self-Speech, and Auditory Hallucinations
Narrative Review
Abstract views: 216 / PDF downloads: 104
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58372/2835-6276.1098Keywords:
Speech self-perception, Internal thought processes, Source monitoring mistakes, Left temporal lobe, Neurotransmitter interactions, Cognitive remediationAbstract
Research and results: Self-speech perception, inner cognitive processes, and auditory hallucinations interact complexly in schizophrenia. Source monitoring errors, which identify internal from exterior stimuli, are linked to auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia-related auditory hallucinations depend on the left temporal lobe, which forms self-speech and interprets cognitive processes. Cognitive theories propose that faulty corollary discharge processes cause inadequate inner speech monitoring and misinterpretation of internal cognitions as external stimuli. Audio hallucinations are linked to maladaptive language network dynamics, unstable speech encoding, and poor inner speech representations. Internal thoughts may be misinterpreted as external voices due to impaired predictive signaling, source attribution, and cognitive control. explain neurotransmitter interactions to explain auditory hallucinations. Neuroimaging studies have linked sensory cognitive impairment to auditory hallucinations, which escalate with left temporal lobe and left superior temporal gyrus brain activity. Cognitive remediation therapy, antipsychotic medication, and neurobiological therapies may aid schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations and improve treatment.
Aims and objectives: The objective of this study is to offer a distinctive perspective on the psychology of hallucinations.
Methods: Based on a psychologist's self-healing from schizophrenia, the study examines hallucinations. Introspection, professional skill, and substantial literature research are used to understand hallucinations and schizophrenia's impacts.
Conclusion: Antipsychotics, cognitive therapy, and multimodal treatment can minimize auditory hallucinations, improve cognition, and reduce impairments and hallucinations in schizophrenia patients with early identification and treatment.
References
Szoke, A., Pignon, B., Boster, S., Jamain, S., & Schürhoff, F. (2020, August 31). Schizophrenia: Developmental Variability Interacts with Risk Factors to Cause the Disorder. BioEssays, 42(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202000038
Toh, W. L., Thomas, N., & Rossell, S. L. (2021). Comparing Primary Voice-Hearers with and without Hallucinations in Other Sensory Modalities. Psychopathology, 54(4), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1159/000517455
Romeo, Z., & Spironelli, C. (2022). Hearing voices in the head: Two meta-analyses on structural correlates of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. NeuroImage: Clinical, 36, 103241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103241
Brébion, G., Stephan-Otto, C., Cuevas-Esteban, J., Usall, J., & Ochoa, S. (2020, June). Impaired memory for temporal context in schizophrenia patients with hallucinations and thought disorganisation. Schizophrenia Research, 220, 225–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.014
Sato, M. (2022, December). The timing of visual speech modulates auditory neural processing. Brain and Language, 235, 105196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105196
Samutsakorn, D. K., & Carius, B. M. (2023, March). What is causing this patient’s auditory hallucinations? JAAPA, 36(3), 48–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000918788.60351.2a
Cuevas-Yust, C. (2014). Do Thoughts Have Sound? Differences between Thoughts and Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 17. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2014.29
Shepard, P., & Joy, B. (2003, March). Clozapine fails to block psychostimulant-induced disruption of auditory sensory gating in the rat. Schizophrenia Research, 60(1), 259–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(03)80394-8
Schenkman, L. (2021). Brain’s sensory processor may prompt memory problems in autism. Spectrum. https://doi.org/10.53053/inwe5797
Corrigendum to: Impaired Sensorimotor Gating Using the Acoustic Prepulse Inhibition Paradigm in Individuals at a Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. (2020, October 3). Schizophrenia Bulletin, 47(1), 268–268. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa142
Stahl, S. M. (2007, April). Beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis to the NMDA Glutamate Receptor Hypofunction Hypothesis of Schizophrenia. CNS Spectrums, 12(4), 265–268. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900021015
Hugdahl, K. (2008). Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: the role of cognitive, brain structural and genetic disturbances in the left temporal lobe. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.09.006.2007
Daskalakis, Z. (2008, February). rTMS, P50 and treatment refractory auditory hallucinations in SCZ. Schizophrenia Research, 98, 27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.055
McGuire, P., Shergill, S., Bullmore, E., Simmons, A., & Murray, R. (2000, January). Attenuated engagement of areas implicated in verbal self-monitoring in patients prone to auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research, 41(1), 12–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(00)90334-7
Stephane, M., Dzemidzic, M., & Yoon, G. (2022, May). Altered corollary discharge in the auditory cortex could reflect louder inner voice experience in patients with verbal hallucinations, a pilot fMRI study. Schizophrenia Research, 243, 475–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.007
Terband, H., & van Brenk, F. (2023, May 9). Modeling Responses to Auditory Feedback Perturbations in Adults, Children, and Children With Complex Speech Sound Disorders: Evidence for Impaired Auditory Self-Monitoring? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 66(5), 1563–1587. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00379
Waters, F. (2003, August 1). Inhibition in schizophrenia: association with auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research, 62(3), 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00358-4
Wenzel, J. M., & Cheer, J. F. (2014, September 1). Endocannabinoid-Dependent Modulation of Phasic Dopamine Signaling Encodes External and Internal Reward-Predictive Cues. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00118
Devilbiss, D. M., Waterhouse, B. D., Berridge, C. W., & Valentino, R. (2012, April 18). Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Acting at the Locus Coeruleus Disrupts Thalamic and Cortical Sensory-Evoked Responses. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(9), 2020–2030. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.50
Anthony, D. (2004, February). The cognitive neuropsychiatry of auditory verbal hallucinations: An overview. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 9(1–2), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800344000183
El Haj, M., & Allain, P. (2012, June). Relationship between source monitoring in episodic memory and executive function in normal aging. Gériatrie Et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie Du Viellissement, 10(2), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2012.0342
Carter, C., Robertson, L., Nordahl, T., Chaderjian, M., & O’Shora-Celaya, L. (1994, May). Left superior temporal gyrus dysfunction and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: A cognitive neuropsychological study. Biological Psychiatry, 35(9), 659. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(94)90818-4
Copolov, D., Seal, M., Maruff, P., Waite, M., Wong, M., Ulusoy, R., & Egan, G. (2000, January). Temporal lobe activation in response to auditory hallucinations and external speech in schizophrenic subjects: A pet correlation study of auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research, 41(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(00)90356-6
Morrison, A. P. (2001). Cognitive therapy for auditory hallucinations as an alternative to antipsychotic medication: A case series. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 8(2), 136–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.269
Rimmer, A. (2020, April 2). How can I keep calm during self-isolation? BMJ, m1376. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1376
Hallmayer, J. (2005, May). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over temporoparietal cortices in the treatment of refractory auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Current Psychiatry Reports, 7(3), 160–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-005-0048-x
Wiech, K. (2023, July). Same but different: how agency modulates pain perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27(7), 601–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2023.04.011
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 American Journal of Medical and Clinical Research & Reviews
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.