https://ajmcrr.com/index.php/pub <p><strong>Impact Factor 1.167</strong></p> <p><strong>American Journal of Medical and Clinical Research &amp; Reviews (ISSN 2835-6276) </strong>is an internationally reputed open access journal that aims to publish a Low, Education and Biological diversity Multisisciplinary Sciences journal wide range of topics within the field of general medicine, advanced medicine, and its related clinical practices.The journal seeks original research in all the major clinical and medical sciences in the form of research articles, review articles, case studies, commentaries, short communication, and the letters to the editor This peer reviewed journal publishes evidence based empirical research on a wide range of topics within the fields of general medicine that includes Cardiology, Nephrology, Gynecology, Dermatology, Dentistry, Ophthalmology, Orthopedices, Neurology and Immunology for publication. The journal lays equal emphasis on the advanced scientific research on pediatrics, Critical care medicine, Family Medicine, Epidemiology, and Geriatrics. Specialized fields within the Translational Medicine, Nursing, Epidemiology, and Healthcare are encouraged for publication.</p> <p>Research on the major clinical practices involved in the general and advanced medical practices including but not limited to oncology, HIV/Aids, Infectious diseases, Surgery, Internal medicine, Orthopedics, and Neurology finds a place in this scientific journal.</p> American Journal of Medical and Clinical Research & Reviews en-US American Journal of Medical and Clinical Research & Reviews 2835-6276 https://ajmcrr.com/index.php/pub/article/view/397 <p><em>Assessment of combined risk in chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease requires the use of multiple complementary tools, as no single model captures all relevant outcomes. Traditional cardiovascular risk scores, such as the Framingham Risk Score and the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimator, incorporate factors including age, sex, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking. However, both have important limitations in chronic kidney disease, as kidney dysfunction is either not included or only indirectly considered, leading to underestimation of cardiovascular risk. The QRISK3 model represents a more suitable alternative for this population because it directly incorporates chronic kidney disease and proteinuria, along with additional variables such as body mass index and comorbidities, resulting in more accurate cardiovascular risk prediction. For renal outcomes, the Kidney Failure Risk Equation is the most widely validated tool, using demographic and laboratory parameters to estimate progression to end stage kidney disease, although it does not predict cardiovascular events. Combined models, such as those developed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium, integrate kidney function and albuminuria to predict both mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. Similarly, the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classification system provides a practical framework by combining estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria to stratify risk of progression, cardiovascular events, and death. Biomarker-based approaches incorporating natriuretic peptides and troponin further enhance prediction, particularly for heart failure. Overall, optimal management requires an integrated approach combining cardiovascular and renal risk tools to improve prognostic accuracy and guide therapy.</em></p> Anita L R Saldanha Ana Paula Pantoja Margeotto André Luis Valera Gasparoto Tania Leme da Rocha Martinez Copyright (c) 2026 American Journal of Medical and Clinical Research & Reviews https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-04-01 2026-04-01 5 4 1 6 10.58372/2835-6276.1381