American Journal of Medical and Clinical Research & Reviews

Psychopathy: Psychopathological Features and Criminal Responsibility

Alexandre Martins Valença — 2025-10-03

Psychopathy, as a psychiatric construct, presents a unique challenge in the forensic context, characterized by traits of emotional insensitivity, manipulation, and antisocial behavior. The aim of this article is to describe the main psychopathological characteristics of psychopathy, highlighting its key concepts and implications in the forensic assessment of criminal responsibility, from the perspective of Brazilian jurisprudence.

Horizontality Patients' Knowledge About the Use of Omeprazole Medication for the Treatment of Gastritis Disease at the Same Health Center Manufahi Timor-Leste, 2025

Carlos Boavida Tilman — 2025-10-03

Introduction: The drug omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) commonly used to treat various stomach conditions, such as gastritis. Gastritis occurs due to inflammation of the stomach lining, resulting in abdominal pain.

Research Objectives: To determine patients' knowledge about the use of omeprazole for gastritis in the same health center.

Research Methodology: A descriptive quantitative method was used, using a cross-sectional study approach using a questionnaire. The sampling technique for this study was accidental sampling. Use with the cross-sectional study.

Results Discussion: It showed that most patients apply it well to their daily lives, especially because they followed the instructions of their doctors who prescribed omeprazole for gastritis, based on their knowledge and understanding. Based on the survey results, the majority were in the true category, with a percentage of 83%, and the fewest were in the non-true category, with a percentage of 17%.

Conclusion: The " knowledge " aspect, the process of counting the distribution of respondents, obtained the highest value, 93%, in the true category, and the lowest value, 7%, in the non-true category. The " understanding " aspect and the process of counting the distribution of respondents obtained the highest value, 83%, in the true category, and the lowest value, 17%, in the non-true category cited by (Tilman CB., et al, 2025).

Enhanced Modified Burow’s Flap Reconstruction Following Oncoplastic Excision of a Giant Atypical Adenomyoepithelioma Mimicking Breast Cancer

Arwa Omar Takrouni — 2025-09-19

Methods of localisation of sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer patients - current and prospective overview

Monika Rezacova — 2025-10-10

Background
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the adult population and due to advances in screening, its numbers are increasing every year. Assessment of sentinel node is a standardized method for staging of the axillary disease in clinically and radiologically normal axilla. Most recently attempts have been made for different than traditional dual technique.

Methods
We have looked into available research and databases to explore various available options that have been trialed or that show some prospective in sentinel node localisation. Some of these showed great potential for non-invasive/minimally invasive assessment in the future.

Results
While researching this topic, there was obvious division into operative and non-operative techniques. The operative techniques were more traditional dual technique or combination/sole tracer with newer techniques such as indocyanine green or superparamagnetic iron oxide. The non-operative techniques usually showed a combination of advanced imaging with or without biopsy.

Discussion
Although the dual technique is reliable and brings results there are some promising data from both operative and non-operative techniques. While the operative options offer mainly alternatives to the dual technique while avoiding known side effects, the non-operative techniques show quite revolutionary potential. As we are already reducing the amount of surgical intervention in the axilla, this might be an area for further research and trials.

Performance Bureaucratization from the Administration Public in Timor-Leste (2025)

Alexandre Gentil Corte-Real de Araújo — 2025-10-03

Introduction: Based on CRDTL Article 137/1 and 2 which deals with public administration and aims to pursue of interest public, in the Respect by the rights and interests legitimate interests of citizens and constitutional institutions. Public administration is also structured to avoid bureaucratization, bringing services closer to populations and ensure the participation of stakeholders in its effective management. Therefore, the Constitution guarantees or authorizes the bureaucratization system that operates in public administration within a national territory and excludes bureaucratization in the face of the supremacy norm.

Research Objective: To understand and explore the bureaucratization of public administration in East Timor.

Research Methodology: We used the documentary research method, that is, the deductive method in which data were collected through bibliographic references (books, articles, the internet, etc.) and the ideas and opinions of our jurist in Timor-Leste and Global star references.

Research Results: It should be carefully borne in mind that the result derived are based on the Constitution of RDTL, and in its article 137, on general principles of administration public following the public administration has aims to pursuers the public interests of citizen and people. Respecting the rights and legitimate of population and constitutionally organizations. Public Administration is structured to avoided the bureaucratization, bringing services to closer the people’s lives and ensure the participation of interesting things to parties in its effectiveness management. The regulation establishes the rights and guarantees that administrative experience in particularly against the acts of kindness harmed theirs rights on legitimately for interest of public administration and management.

Conclusion: The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste is a democratic state under the rule of law, as proclaimed by its Constitution, which stipulates in Article 137 the general principles of public administration regarding the avoidance of bureaucratization. Therefore, to ensure good administration, a bureaucratization system exists with means to expedite public service to serve citizens cited by (Corte Real AG., et al, 2025).

The Various Faces of Bulimia

Alina MAPN da Silva — 2025-09-19

Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating episodes followed by compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, and excessive exercise. Although people with bulimia often maintain close to normal weight, they suffer from great concern about body shape and impaired self-esteem. The disorder usually appears in adolescence, affecting mainly women, and can be related to social pressures, family inheritance, and emotional conflicts. From a neuropsychic point of view, the ventromedian nucleus of the hypothalamus is associated with satiety, while the lateral zones regulate hunger. Alterations in these centers can lead to both anorexia and bulimia, indicating the complexity of the biological and psychological bases of the disease. In addition to physiological factors, bulimia is interpreted as a way of dealing with anxieties, emotional dissatisfactions, and unconscious conflicts. Food can take on different meanings: a substitute for love, an expression of affection or aggressiveness, a symbol of security, a form of protection against rejection, or even a mechanism of self-destruction (thanatism). Clinical cases illustrate how the relationship with food can reflect affective deficiencies, family tensions and difficulties in love bonds. Thus, bulimia and obesity are not only issues of dysregulated appetite, but multifactorial phenomena that combine biological, psychological, and social aspects. Food, in addition to nourishing, can become a defense, compensation or means of expression of internal and relational conflicts.

Denosumab for the Prevention of Skeletal-Related Events in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: A Literature Review

TABOURI Sarah — 2025-09-19

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with more than 90% of these deaths attributed to metastases ^[1]. Among patients with metastatic breast cancer, approximately 65% to 75% develop bone metastases ^[1,2].These metastases are responsible for serious skeletal-related events (pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcaemia). RANKL inhibitors, particularly denosumab (Xgeva®), represent a major therapeutic option in preventing bone complications related to these metastases. We therefore aim to conduct a literature review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of denosumab (Xgeva®) in the prevention of skeletal complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and MEDLINE databases from 2014 to 2025. The keywords used were « breast cancer », « denosumab » and « bone metastases ». A total of 140 articles were initially identified. After screening the abstracts, 31 articles were selected for full-text review, and 20 were finally included in the analysis.

Results /Discussion: This review demonstrated that denosumab (Xgeva®) significantly delays the onset of the first skeletal-related event in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, reducing the risk by 14% to 24%^[3–6]. Denosumab also significantly lowers the incidence of fractures in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women^[3,7,8]. Compared to zoledronic acid, it reduces this risk by 23%^[9]. Regarding bone pain, treatment with denosumab significantly delays the onset or worsening of pain in patients with moderate to severe pain^[4,10,11], with a 17% risk reduction (p = 0.003)^[10] . Denosumab also appears to reduce the risk of spinal cord compression ^[4,8,13] . According to Charles L., the probability of spinal cord compression under denosumab is estimated at 8 per 10000 per month, and 2 per 1000 over three months (9). Similarly, Stopeck et al. reported a probability of 0.06% (0.0006)^[7] .

Conclusion: Denosumab (Xgeva®) is considered a reference treatment strategy for preventing bone complications related to bone metastases in breast cancer by delaying serious skeletal events such as pathological fractures and spinal cord compression. Careful monitoring is essential to manage potential side effects, including osteonecrosis of the jaw and hypocalcaemia.