Exploring the Relationship Between Contraceptive Practices and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevalence Among Young Adults: A Retrospective Study in New Jersey

Research Article

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains a significant public health concern, particularly among young adults. In the United States, this age group is increasingly affected by STIs, with a notable rise in cases over recent years. Inconsistent use of contraceptives, especially among users of long-acting reversible contraceptives like hormonal implants and intrauterine devices, has been implicated in this rise. This study aimed to explore the relationships between knowledge, practices, and the history of STIs in young adults.

Methods: This retrospective observational analysis study involved 201 young adults aged 18 to 24 from various backgrounds at college campuses and outpatient medical facilities in New Jersey. Data were collected using anonymous survey questionnaires via Qualtrics, an online survey platform.

Results: Participants included 63% female respondents (n=126) and 37% males (n=75), with a racial composition of 42.3% Black (n=85), 38.3% Caucasian (n=77), and 19.4% Asian/Pacific Islander (n=39). Ethnically, 81.4% (n=165) were non-Hispanic and 18.6% (n=35) Hispanic, with a mean age of 21 years. Condoms (37.8%, n=88) and oral contraceptives (19.7%, n=46) were the most commonly used forms of contraception. Regarding STI knowledge, limited knowledge showed a strong correlation with a history of STIs (p<0.001), particularly Chlamydia (p=0.003) and Gonorrhea (p=0.004). Regarding contraceptive use with new or non-steady partners, 3.98% (n=8) always used contraception, 38.8% (n=78) used it most of the time, and 50.75% (n=102) sometimes used it. Infrequent contraceptive use was associated with the highest incidence of STIs (p=0.007), especially Gonorrhea (p<0.001) and Chlamydia (p=0.043).

Conclusions: Implementing educational programs targeting young adults could play a crucial role in reducing STI incidence. These programs should emphasize the importance of consistent use of barrier contraceptives during all sexual encounters and clarify that oral contraceptives do not prevent STI transmission, with a focus on educating about Gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections.