Landmarks On C-Reactive Protein As Inflammation Marker

Mini Review

Abstract

C-reactive protein is a crucial biomarker for inflammation and widely used in assessing cardiovascular disease risk. Produced by the liver in response to inflammatory stimuli like infection or injury, C-reactive protein levels rise significantly during acute and chronic inflammation. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein testing detects even low-grade inflammation, providing greater accuracy in identifying cardiovascular risk. C-reactive protein relevance in cardiovascular health stems from its association with atherosclerosis, an inflammatory process that leads to plaque buildup in arteries. Elevated C-reactive protein levels are linked to higher risks of heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure. The JUPITER study demonstrated that using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to guide statin therapy in high-risk individuals significantly reduced cardiovascular disease events and mortality. Beyond being a marker, C-reactive protein actively contributes to atherothrombosis by impairing endothelial function and promoting a pro-thrombotic environment. Genetic and environmental factors, such as smoking, diet, and seasonal variations, also influence C-reactive protein levels. Additionally, C-reactive protein is a strong predictor of adverse outcomes following acute coronary syndrome. Studies show that both high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and B-type natriuretic peptide, when measured 30 days after acute coronary syndrome, independently predict heart failure and cardiovascular death. In conclusion, C-reactive protein, particularly through high-sensitivity C-reactive protein testing, is a vital tool in evaluating inflammation and predicting cardiovascular risk. Its role in personalized medicine continues to grow, as ongoing research explores the genetic and environmental factors influencing C-reactive protein and its potential as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. As research progresses, C-reactive protein remains a cornerstone in cardiovascular risk management.